Ọdịiche dị n'etiti BK, GBK, BKS, NBK NA ígwè.

Ọdịiche dị n'etiti BK, GBK, BKS, NBK NA ígwè.

ABSTRACT:

Mwepụ na nhazi nke ígwè bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ abụọ a na-ahụkarị.
Nzube ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mbido: iji kpochapụ ụfọdụ ntụpọ na oghere na ngwaahịa ndị gwụchara, ma kwadebe nzukọ maka ọrụ oyi na-esote na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ.
Ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ: iji nweta arụmọrụ achọrọ nke workpiece.
Ebumnuche nke nkwụsịtụ na normalizing bụ ikpochapụ ụfọdụ ntụpọ kpatara site na nhazi ọkụ nke ígwè, ma ọ bụ iji kwadebe maka mbelata na-esote na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ.

 Ntuchi nke ígwè:
1. Echiche: Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ikpo ọkụ akụkụ ígwè na okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị (n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru Ac1), na-edebe ya ruo oge ụfọdụ, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ dị jụụ iji nweta ihe owuwu dị nso na nha anya a na-akpọ annealing.
2. Ebumnuche:
(1) Belata isi ike ma melite plasticity
(2) Nnụcha ọka ma kpochapụ ntụpọ nhazi
(3) Wepụ nchekasị n'ime
(4) Kwadebe nzukọ maka imenyụ
Ụdị: (Dịka okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ nwere ike kewaa ya n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị oke egwu (Ac1 ma ọ bụ Ac3). spheroidizing annealing; Nke ikpeazụ gụnyere recrystallization annealing na mgbakasị ahụ mgbakasị ahụ.)

•  Mkpochapụ zuru oke (GBK+A):

1) Echiche: Kpoo ígwè hypoeutectoid (Wc = 0.3% ~ 0.6%) ruo AC3 + (30 ~ 50) ℃, na mgbe emechara ya kpamkpam, nchekwa ọkụ na ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi (na-esote ọkụ ọkụ, na-eli ozu na ájá, wayo), A na-akpọ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ iji nweta ihe owuwu dị nso na steeti nhata zuru oke.2) Nzube: kpochaa ọka, nhazi otu, wepụ nchekasị dị n'ime, belata ike siri ike, ma melite arụmọrụ ịkpụ.
2) Usoro: annealing zuru ezu na ngwa ngwa jụrụ na ọkụ nwere ike hụ na ọdịda nke proeutectoid ferrite na mgbanwe nke supercooled austenite n'ime pearlite na isi okpomọkụ nso n'okpuru Ar1.Njide oge nke workpiece na annealing okpomọkụ ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka workpiece ọkụ site, ya bụ, isi nke workpiece eru chọrọ kpo oku okpomọkụ, ma na-ahụ na ihe niile homogenized austenite hụrụ iji nweta zuru recrystallization.Njide oge nke annealing zuru ezu metụtara ihe ndị dị ka ígwè mejupụtara, workpiece ọkpụrụkpụ, ọkụ loading ikike na ọkụ loading usoro.Na mmepụta n'ezie, iji kwalite mmepụta ihe, annealing na jụrụ ihe dị ka 600 ℃ nwere ike ịpụ na ọkụ na ikuku jụrụ oyi.
Oke ngwa: nkedo, ịgbado ọkụ, forging na Rolling nke ọkara carbon steel na ọkara carbon alloy steel, wdg Mara: obere carbon steel na hypereutectoid ígwè ekwesịghị anneal nke ọma.Isi ike nke obere carbon ígwè dị ala mgbe emechara ya nke ọma, nke na-adịghị mma maka ịkpụ nhazi.Mgbe ígwè hypereutectoid na-ekpo ọkụ na steeti austenite n'elu Accm ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ dị jụụ na annealed, netwọk nke cementite nke abụọ na-ebuli elu, nke na-ebelata ike, plasticity na mmetụta siri ike nke ígwè.

• Spheroidizing annealing:

1) Echiche: The annealing usoro spheroidize carbides na ígwè a na-akpọ spheroidizing annealing.
2) Usoro: General spheroidizing annealing usoro Ac1 + (10 ~ 20) ℃ na mma na ọkụ ka 500 ~ 600 ℃ na ikuku jụrụ.
3) Nzube: belata ike, melite nzukọ, melite plasticity na ịcha arụmọrụ.
4) Oke ngwa: a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkpụ ngwaọrụ, ngwaọrụ nha, ebu, wdg nke eutectoid ígwè na hypereutectoid ígwè.Mgbe ígwè hypereutectoid nwere netwọk nke cementite nke abụọ, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ nwere ike dị elu ma na-esi ike ịrụ ọrụ ịkpụ, ma na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ nke ígwè ahụ dịkwuo elu, nke na-emekarị ka ọ ghara imebi nrụrụ na mgbawa.N'ihi nke a, a ga-agbakwunyere usoro nkwụsịtụ spheroidizing mgbe arụ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ígwè na-arụ ọrụ iji spheroidize flake infiltrate na reticulated secondary cementite na pearlite iji nweta granular pearlite.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị jụụ na okpomọkụ nke isothermal ga-emetụtakwa mmetụta nke spheroidization carbide.Ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ isothermal dị ala ga-eme ka e nwee pearlite na obere okpomọkụ.Ihe ndị dị na carbide dị oke mma na nchịkọta nchịkọta dị ntakịrị, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịmepụta carbide flaky.N'ihi ya, ike dị elu.Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị jụụ na-adị ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ nke isothermal dị elu, ihe ndị na-emepụta carbide na-emepụta ga-adị njọ na mmetụta agglomeration ga-esiwanye ike.Ọ dị mfe ịmepụta carbide granular nke nha dị iche iche ma mee ka ike dị ala.

•  Homogenization annealing ( mgbasa annealing):

1) Usoro: The okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro nke kpo oku alloy ígwè ingots ma ọ bụ nkedo na 150 ~ 00 ℃ n'elu Ac3, na-ejide maka 10 ~ 15h na mgbe ahụ nwayọọ nwayọọ jụrụ ikpochapụ na-ezighị ezi chemical mejupụtara.
2) Nzube: Wepụ dendrite segregation n'oge crystallization na homogenize mejupụtara.N'ihi nnukwu okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ogologo oge, ọka austenite ga-agbaze nke ukwuu.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-emecha ma ọ bụ na-edozi ahụ zuru oke iji mee ka ọka dị ọcha ma kpochapụ ntụpọ ọkụ.
3) Oke nke ngwa: tumadi eji maka alloy steel ingots, nkedo na forgings na elu àgwà chọrọ.
4) Mara: High okpomọkụ diffusion annealing nwere ogologo mmepụta okirikiri, elu ike oriri, oké ọxịdashọn na decarburization nke workpiece, na elu na-eri.Naanị ụfọdụ nchara dị elu dị elu na ihe nkedo nchara na igwe ingots nwere oke nkewa na-eji usoro a.Maka ihe nkedo nwere obere nha n'ozuzu ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo carbon carbon, n'ihi ogo nkewa ha dị ntakịrị, enwere ike iji nhịahụ zuru oke iji nụchaa ọka na iwepụ nrụgide nkedo.

• Iwepụ enyemaka nchekasị

1) Echiche: Annealing iji wepụ nchekasị kpatara nhazi nrụrụ plastik, ịgbado ọkụ, wdg na nrụgide fọdụrụ na nkedo ka a na-akpọ mgbakasị ahụ.(Ọ dịghị mgbagwoju anya na-eme n'oge annealing enyemaka nchekasị)
2) Usoro: ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpoo workpiece na 100 ~ 200 ℃ (500 ~ 600 ℃) n'okpuru Ac1 ma na-edebe ya ruo oge ụfọdụ (1 ~ 3h), wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ dị jụụ ruo 200 ℃ na ọkụ ọkụ, wee dị jụụ. ọ si n'oké ọkụ pụta.
Steel bụ n'ozuzu 500 ~ 600 ℃
Nkedo n'ozuzu karịa 550 buckles na 500-550 ℃, nke ga-adị mfe ime ka graphitization nke pearlite.Akụkụ ịgbado ọkụ bụ n'ozuzu 500 ~ 600 ℃.
3) Oke ngwa: Wepụ nchekasị fọdụrụnụ na nkedo, nke a kpụrụ akpụ, akụkụ welded, akụkụ oyi stampụ na igwe arụrụ arụ ọrụ iji mee ka nha akụkụ igwe kwụsie ike, belata nrụrụ ma gbochie mgbawa.

Normalizing nke ígwè:
1. Echiche: kpo oku ígwè na 30-50 ° C n'elu Ac3 (ma ọ bụ Accm) ma jide ya maka oge kwesịrị ekwesị;A na-akpọ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke jụrụ oyi na ikuku dị jụụ na-akpọ normalizing nke ígwè.
2. Nzube: nụchaa ọka, otu ụkpụrụ, gbanwee ike, wdg.
3. Òtù: Eutectoid ígwè S, hypoeutectoid ígwè F + S, hypereutectoid ígwè Fe3CⅡ + S
4. Usoro: Normalizing okpomọkụ ichekwa oge bụ otu ihe ahụ zuru ezu annealing.Ọ ga-adabere na workpiece site na-ere ọkụ, ya bụ, isi rute mkpa okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, na ihe ndị dị ka ígwè, mbụ Ọdịdị, ọkụ ọkụ na kpo oku akụrụngwa kwesịkwara-atụle.Ụzọ nju oyi a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ iji wepụ nchara n'ọkụ ọkụ wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ na ikuku.Maka akụkụ buru ibu, ịfụ, ịgbasa na imezi ebe nkwụsị nke akụkụ ígwè nwekwara ike ijikwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị jụụ nke akụkụ ígwè iji nweta nhazi na arụmọrụ achọrọ.

5. Oke ngwa:

• 1) Meziwanye arụmọrụ ịkpụ nke ígwè.Carbon ígwè na obere alloy ígwè nwere carbon ọdịnaya nke ihe na-erughị 0.25% nwere obere ike ike mgbe annealing, na dị mfe "rapara" n'oge ịkpụ.Site na ọgwụgwọ nkịtị, enwere ike ibelata ferrite n'efu ma nweta pearlite flake.Ịbawanye ike siri ike nwere ike imeziwanye ígwè ọrụ ígwè, mee ka ndụ ngwá ọrụ dịkwuo elu na njedebe elu nke workpiece.
• 2) Wepụ ntụpọ nhazi okpomọkụ.Ihe nkedo nrụzi carbon carbon dị ọkara, forgings, akụkụ mpịakọta na akụkụ welded na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ntụpọ ekpo oke ọkụ yana ihe ejikọtara ọnụ dị ka ọka na-enweghị isi mgbe kpochara.Site na usoro ọgwụgwọ nkịtị, enwere ike iwepụ akụkụ ndị a nwere nkwarụ, na ebumnuche nke nhazi ọka, nhazi otu na mkpochapụ nke nrụgide dị n'ime nwere ike nweta.
• 3) Wepụ carbide netwọk nke hypereutectoid ígwè, ikwado spheroidizing annealing.Hypereutectoid ígwè kwesịrị spheroidized na anneal tupu quenching iji kwado machining na kwadebe ihe owuwu maka quenching.Otú ọ dị, mgbe enwere carbide netwọk siri ike na ígwè hypereutectoid, a gaghị enweta ezigbo mmetụta spheroidizing.Enwere ike ikpochapụ net carbide site na ịhazi ọgwụgwọ nkịtị.
• 4) melite n'ibu Njirimara nke nkịtị structural akụkụ.Ụfọdụ carbon ígwè na alloy ígwè akụkụ na obere nrụgide na ala arụmọrụ chọrọ bụ normalized iji nweta a ụfọdụ keukwu n'ibu arụmọrụ, nke nwere ike dochie quenching na tempering ọgwụgwọ dị ka ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke akụkụ.

Nhọrọ nke annealing na normalizing
Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti annealing na normalizing:
1. The jụrụ ọnụego nke normalizing bụ ubé ngwa ngwa karịa annealing, na ogo nke undercooling bụ ukwuu.
2. Ọdịdị nke enwetara mgbe emechara ka ọ dị mma, na ike na ike siri ike dị elu karịa nke annealing.Nhọrọ nke annealing na normalizing:

• Maka nchara carbon dị ala nwere ọdịnaya carbon <0.25%, a na-ejikarị normalize eme ihe kama ịkagbu.N'ihi na ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi nwere ike igbochi obere carbon steel ka ọ na-ebuli cementite atọ n'efu n'akụkụ oke ọka, si otú a na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ oyi nke akụkụ stamping;normalizing nwere ike imeziwanye ike nke ígwè na ịrụ ọrụ ịkpụ nke obere carbon ígwè;N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, enwere ike iji normalizing mee ka ọka dị ọcha ma melite ike nke obere carbon ígwè.
• Ọkpụkpụ carbon steel nwere carbon dị n'etiti 0.25 na 0.5% nwekwara ike ịhazi ya kama ịkagbu.Ọ bụ ezie na hardness nke ọkara carbon ígwè nso na elu ịgba nke carbon ọdịnaya bụ elu mgbe normalize, ọ ka nwere ike bee na-eri nke normalize Low na elu arụpụtaghị ihe.
• Ngwongwo nwere carbon dị n'etiti 0.5 na 0.75%, n'ihi nnukwu carbon carbon, isi ike mgbe emezigharị ahụ dị elu nke ukwuu karịa nke ntanye, ọ na-esikwa ike ịkpụ.Ya mere, a na-ejikarị annealing zuru ezu iji belata ike ma melite ịkpụ.Nhazi.
• Igwe carbon dị elu ma ọ bụ nchara ngwá ọrụ nwere ọdịnaya carbon> 0.75% na-ejikarị spheroidizing annealing dị ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mbụ.Ọ bụrụ na e nwere netwọk nke cementite nke abụọ, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ mee ka ọ dị mma.

Isi mmalite: Mechanical ọkachamara akwụkwọ.

Editor: Ali